Lolo Fernandez: One of Latin America’s Most Popular Footballers

Throughout his 12-year career with the Peruvian side, between 1935 and 1947, Lolo Fernández was not a World Cup player such as Obdulio Varela of Uruguay and Brazil’s Leonidas da Silva. Despite all this, he is still an inspirational leader in the history of Peru’s soccer. On the field, he did a lot to stimulate the men’s football in all of the country, one of the most soccer-crazed places on the planet. He was very popular in the outback of Peru, from Trujillo and Ica to Puno and Cajamarca. His passion for his homeland was reflected in all facets of his life.

He began to play soccer before it was a professional sport on Peruvian soil. Football — the world’s most popular sport— was imported by Britain’s expatriates in the second half of the 19th century and is known as Peru’s national pastime.

The oldest and most powerful of three soccer-playing Fernández brothers, he — known affectionately as “Lolo”— is considered as one of the country’s greatest athletes of all time, along with Edwin Vásquez Cam (Olympic gold medalist at the 1948 London Summer Games), Cecilia Tait Villacorta (among the world’s top volleyball players in the past century), Juan Carlos “Johnny” Bello (winner of 12 Bolivarian titles in the early 1970s), and Gabriela “Gaby” Pérez del Solar (silver medal in women’s volleyball at the 1988 South Korea Games).

During Fernández’s tenure with the national side, the Andean republic gained one South American Cup (1939) and one Bolivarian Championship (1938). At the club level, he earned the Peruvian League Cup — nationwide competition— six times with his club Universitario de Deportes, having scored a club-record of 157 goals — a record that remains unique. Also, he was the top goal-scorer in the country’s top division of football teams in 1932 (11 goals), 1933 (9), 1934 (9), 1939 (15), 1940 (15), 1942 (11), and 1945 (16). Additionally, he is one of best-known Peruvians Olympians of all time. He holds the distinction of being the first (and only) top player from that nation to compete in the modern Olympiad.

Peru’s First Genuine Top-Class Athlete

Since then, the apex of his career came in the late 1930s when he was the hero of Peru’s South American Football Confederation Cup win, putting the Peruvian flag on the sporting map and making him one of the most exciting players in the game. A Lolo Fernández-inspired Peru defeated Uruguay in the gold-medal match, a surprise to most fans and sportswriters on the American mainland (Campomar, 2014, Penguin). He had been called up by England’s coach Jack Greenwell. Before the championship, Peru’s sportsmen had never won a continental trophy (equivalent of the European Cup). Previously, this Cañete-born footballer was a member of the 1936 Peruvian Olympic football team, which competed in the Berlin Olympics. Curiously, Western Europe was the first continent to recognize Fernández’s talent. Although his homeland’s squad succumbed in a controversial game against Austria (a match they should have won) during the Men’s Olympic Games Soccer Tournament— the unofficial world cup of soccer at that time— he was regarded as one of the South America’s most celebrated sportsmen (Hilton, 2011).

Back in Peru, he led his own “soccer revolution” in Universitario de Deportes, winning many top division cups, setting off a wave of explosive emotion in Lima, the nation’s capital. In fact, he was one of the first superstars of that club. The national squad and his club had been his first loves. He could have played abroad, but decided to play for the Peruvian side and the Limean club, one of the nation’s premier clubs (Newton, 2011).

In fact, Lolo Fernández was Peru’s first genuine top-class sportsman in the world of sports in a time when some Spanish-speaking republics began to produce world-famous competitors. Already, in 1928, Argentina’s fighter Victorio Avendaño had caught the public’s attention with his Olympic gold medal in the Games of the IX Olympiad in Holland’s capital city of Amsterdam (Grasso, 2013). Two years later, the Soccer World Cup was won by the host country Uruguay— called the Celeste. Meanwhile, the men’s shooting contingent of Brazil picked up a total of three medals at the 1920 Antwerp Olympics in tiny Belgium (Almanaque Mundial, 1976). On the other hand, on March 19, 1938, four Ecuadorans — Ricardo Planas, Carlos Luis Gilbert, Luis Alcivar Elizalde and Abel Gilbert— swept the gold medals at the Swimming South American Tournament (Almanaque Guayaquil, 2003).

The Life and Times of Lolo Fernández

Teodoro Oswaldo Fernández Meyzán was born on May 20, 1913 in San Vicente, Cañete, near Lima, Peru’s capital. He was the seventh of eight children born to Tomas Fernández Cisneros, a farm administrator, and his wife, the former Raymunda Meyzan.

Cañete covers an area of 4,577 km2 — the size of the U.S. state of Connecticut. It lies around 140 km from Lima. This Connecticut-size territory is blessed with a fertile land and is well-recognized for its African-Peruvian culture, cuisine, fruits and birthplace of notable people such as Héctor Chumpitaz (footballer), Caitro Soto (musician), Enrique Verastegui (writer), and Rolando Campos (singer).

Fernández spent his early childhood on a farm in Cañete. Like many Peruvian children, he became fascinated with the game of soccer at an early age. But not everyone applauded that passion, among them his father.

He invested his life in this sport since he played for his hometown club Huracán of Hualcará in the early 1920s. The then little-known player was the first to arrive to the stadium and the last to leave. In his land, he trained with a lot of intensity. The exercise and fresh air made him feel better.

During his first appearance, he led his club to a victory over Alianza San Vicente in a local event in his native Cañete. His debut could not have been better: he scored the winning goal. The date was August 30, 1923. On that occasion, his play (without being paid a salary) impressed his team-mates early on. He was celebrated throughout Cañete, whose people are addicted to football and other Olympic sports as canoeing, boxing, and track-and-field.

Toward the end of the 1920s, he was allowed to leave his home and went to Lima to live with his elder brother, Arturo Fernández, who had played for Universitario de Deportes after being a member of Ciclista Lima. In this context, Lolo, as he was more often known, was introduced to Universitario by Arturo.

In the Peruvian place, his personal life underwent some significant changes. Unanimously elected player by the club’s chairman Placido Galindo, Fernández signed a contract for 120 soles a month. Relations between he and his new club were excellent and friendly since that day.

He kicked off his career with the Lima-based club when he made his official debut on November 29, 1931 during a friendly match against Deportes Magallanes of Chile. Some young athletes would have been intimidated in such situation, but not Lolo. The Lima-based club, with a young side, was the winner. The Peruvian victory was due largely to Fernández’s leadership. He scored the winner against Magallanes in a 1-0 win. Gradually, his talent was recognized by experts, coaches, and sportswriters in his homeland country. As a player, he was without peer in his generation.

An Athlete In Troubled Times

Like many Latino champions such as Alberto Spencer of Ecuador (football),Mateo Flores of Guatemala (track-and-field) and Chino Meléndez of Nicaragua (baseball), Lolo Fernández lived in a country plagued by political violence, poverty, and economic difficulties. Despite these hurdles, he emerged as one of Latin America’s top athletes in the first half of the 20th century.

In the 1930s, his native country had a record of short-lived governments and eight conservative rulers. By 1933, Peru’s military warlord Luis Sánchez Cerro was killed. At the same time, opposition-led demonstrations broke out in Lima in response to an electoral defeat (Loveman, 1999).

During the global financial crisis, the economy fell into chaos, which was vulnerable due to the nation’s dependence on minerals and agricultural products.

Due to these and other reasons, the country’s sport activities had been all but ignored by the governments. Under this atmosphere, Peru was one of the last countries to make its international debut in the Football South American Championship (known as the Copa America later), having competed for the first in the XI Cup in 1927.Similarly, their athletes could not attend the Summer Olympics between 1900 and 1932. But that wasn’t all. Upon competing in Great Britain in 1948, this Spanish-speaking republic did not have Olympic representation until 1956, despite having Pan American gold medalists —among them Julia Sánchez Deza and Edwin Vásquez— and continental champs.

Western Europe: From Spain to Great Britain

As guests of honor, Fernández and other players from Universitario played for Alianza Lima during a tour of Chile in 1933, accumulating wins over Colo Colo, Audax Italiano, Magallanes, and Wanderers. Lolo also played as a special guest for some foreign clubs such Racing Club,Club Atlético Banfield, and Colo Colo.

Between 1933 and 1934, Fernández went as a member of a Peruvian-Chilean contingent —composed of sportsmen from Alianza Lima, Colo Colo, Atlético Chalaco and Universitario– to Western Europe, where he played 33 men’s football matches (compiling 11 wins, 11 draws and 11 losses) against first-class squads from Spain, Germany and the United Kingdom, including Bayern Munich, Newcastle and Barcelona— his first time outside of Latin America (Witzig, 2006). Here, he earned the respect of fans and rivals. Lolo’s performance on the European tour was spectacular: despite his lack of international experience, he accumulated a record of 48 goals!

Berlin: 1936 Summer Olympics

After many obstacles, the Peruvian Olympic team, that included future South American champion Lolo, made a brief but historic trip to Germany to attend the 1936 Summer Games. It was the first time in Olympic history that Peru had sent an athletic contingent to the Summer Games. The nation’s sports officials brought an all-male team to Berlin, with Peruvians competing in aquatics, athletics, diving, basketball, cycling, fencing, modern pentathlon, shooting, and soccer.

There were 22 soccer players and they were Juan Valdivieso Padilla, Alejandro Villanueva, José Morales, Adelfo Magallanes, Víctor Lavalle, Enrique Landa, Eulogio García, Carlos Tovar, Orestes Jordán, Teodoro Fernández, Arturo Fernández, Andrés Alvarez, Arturo Paredes, Segundo Castillo, Teodoro Alcalde, Jorge Alcalde, Miguel Pacheco, Carlos Portal, Raúl Chappel, Pedro Ibañez, Guillermo Pardo, and Víctor Marchena. These players made up the country’s largest delegation in Berlin.

The Lolo’s squad was the first Peruvian team in the Olympic team sports history. Scoring five goals in a 7-2 victory over the Nordic nation of Finland, Fernández played one of his most memorable matches (Campomar, 2014). Without a doubt, he was a genius on the field. Subsequently, they beat Austria (it expected to finish in the top four in these Games). But it wasn’t a clear-cut victory for the Latin American republic (Witzig, 2006).

In the second time, Peru came back and won its match 4-2 after losing to Austria 2-0 in the first time in one of the most controversial games in the history of football (Mandell, 1971). Nonetheless, the Austrian delegation refused to recognize this triumph (Risolo, 2010). They said that Europe’s footballers were threatened by Peru’s attackers during the Olympic match (Murray & Murray, 1998).

Under pressure from Austria, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) pledged to hold other match (Campomar, 2014).

But the Peruvian dictatorship didn’t allow their countrymen to compete again. In an attempt to try to gain popularity within Peru, the nation’s strongman Oscar Raimundo Benavides forced the Peruvian Olympic Committee to agree to withdraw its delegation from the 1936 Berlin Games (Walters, 2012). Despite everything, Fernández was the second top scorer in the Olympic tournament with five goals, alongside Norway’s sportsman Arne Brustad. A year earlier, Lolo earned his first cap for Peru.

The tournament was won by Italy and was followed by Austria (silver medal), Poland (bronze), Norway (4th), Great Britain (5th),Germany (6th), Peru (7th), Japan (8th), Sweden (9th), USA (10th), Taiwan (11th), Egypt (12th), Hungary (13th), Turkey (14th), Finland (15th) and Luxembourg (last).

When the Olympian delegation arrived back in Lima, they were declared “national heroes” (El Comercio, 2009). In the next year, he married Elvira Fernández Meyer and had two children: Marina and Teodoro.

Lolo and the First Bolivarian Games

Despite missing the XI Olympiad in the German capital of Berlin, Fernández worked relentlessly to take part in the Olympic-type Bolivarian Games. The First Bolivarian Sports Games (one of the oldest multi-sport games of its kind) were held in Colombia’s capital of Bogota in 1938. At that year, all Limeans were anxious to see a national victory. Fortunately, there were good news. Fernández captained the Bolivarian winners by capturing the gold medal, providing a moment of enjoy for Peru’s population.

The 1938 men’s squad was the heavy gold medal favorite on Colombian soil. The victory was scored over squads from Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela, and the host nation. This accomplishment was greater than any previously achieved by the national squads. Ecuador was bronze and Bolivia won the silver medal.

Before and after the event, Fernández —his first international title outside his own land— brought his energy and passion to the national team.

Peru kicked off its campaign at Bogota’s Universitario Stadium,on August 8, when they beat Colombia 4-2 with goals of Pedro Ibañez (2), Lolo (1) and Teodoro Alcalde (1). In its second Bolivarian match, the Andean country slaughtered Ecuador 9-1 in a spectacular show of football— biggest margin of victory in the history of Peru’s soccer team. The best player was Alcalde (4 goals). On August 14, Peru blanked Bolivia 3-0. Lolo was the pivot of that game with two goals. This remarkable athlete knew what he needed to do to win the match.

On August 17,Venezuela was eliminated from the Games after losing to Peru 2-1. Before the Peruvian delegation left the stadium, they received a standing ovation.

Why one of Latin America’s Greatest Players Never Play in the FIFA World Cup?

Among Latin America’s greatest players during the first half of the 20th century, Fernández was the only one never to have appeared in a World Cup. There are different reasons why he could not compete in the global sporting event in the late 1930s and the 1940s. In 1938, the III World Cup was overshadowed by an Argentina-led boycott that was followed by almost all South American republics ( Reyna & Woitalla,2004). Officially, Peru did not participate in the international boycott, but it declined to send a delegation. SA boycotted that Cup in response to “Eurocentric policy” of FIFA. Europeans had hosted the last event and the next was scheduled to be held in France in that year. In the following decade, the world of sports was hard hit by World War II and the international events were canceled.

Lima: 1939 South American Championship

The year of 1939 saw a new hero in Latin America’s sport. A son of Cañete attracted admiration when he led Peru to win the (XV) South American Championship for the first time following a win against Uruguay, one of the powerhouses in the world of football since the 1910s. Four years ago, the national side failed to make the semis in the regional event at home. In 1937, Peru finished at the bottom of the six-team tournament.

The 1939 national side claimed the first place to defeat Uruguay 2-1 in the finals. It was a proud day for Peru. The country, under British coach Greenwell was a home grown champion (Campomar, 2014, Penguin). On paper, Uruguay’s background made it a strong opponent —three World Championships from 1924 to 1930, including two golds in the modern Olympics.

It was gratifying to see the progress that had made the national side, who were underdogs from the start. Thanks to this win, Peru became the four nation in the continent to win that event (after Uruguay, Brazil and Argentina), well ahead of Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, and Paraguay.

Fernández was the hero in the Continental Cup on his home soil— his second major international trophy. As well as winning the Most Valuable Player trophy, the Cañete-born striker was the top scorer.

The continental winners were Juan Humberto Valdivieso, Jorge Alcalde, Carlos Tovar, Teodoro Alcalde, César Socarraz, Alberto Baldovino, Pedro Reyes, Víctor Bielich, Juan Quispe, Segundo Castillo, Enrique Perales, Raúl Chapel, Pablo Pasache, Lolo Fernández, Adolfo Magallanes, Jorge Parró, Juan Honores, Pedro Ibañez, Arturo Fernández, Arturo Paredes, Rafael León and Feder Larios.

South American Championships

Back in the 1940s, Fernández, who was nicknamed “the Cannoneer” by the local media due to his aggressive style of play, was member of Peru’s national squad that competed in three South American championships. But he was less successful in these competitions.

Between February 2 and March 4, 1941, the Peruvian contingent participated in the international competition in Santiago (Chile). It was recognized as the unofficial SA Cup. Peru’s 22-man roster included: Gerardo Arce, Manuel Vallejos, Vicente Arce, César Socarraz, Teodoro Fernández, Juan Quispe, Alejandro González, Leopoldo Quiñones, Juan Honores, Carlos Portal, Marcial Hurtado, Enrique Perales, Guillermo Janneau, Roberto Morales, Orestes Jordán, Pedro Magán, Adolfo Magallanes, Máximo Lobatón, and Pedro Luna.

The men’s football tournament was marked by the presence of top-class athletes such as Lolo of Peru, Obdulio Varela of Uruguay, Sergio Livingstone from Chile, and Juan Andrés Marvezzi of Argentina.

The Bolivarian champions didn’t bring home any medals, but Fernández scored three goals and was ranked second to Marvezzi as the tournament’s most prolific scorer (sharing the honor with José Manuel Moreno from Argentina). His homeland’s squad placed fourth in the overall classification, ahead of Ecuador,in the five-team tournament, an event sponsored by the Chilean rule.

On February 9, the Peruvians were defeated by the host nation by a narrow margin (1-0). Shortly thereafter, Argentina won its match against Peru 2-1. The Argentine team was a powerful squad in the Americas and had gained two awards in 1937: The Soccer Pan American Cup in Dallas, Texas (U.S) and SA tournament (as a host country). On February 23, the squad’s star striker Lolo eliminated Ecuador 4-0 and obtained their first points. Fernández scored three goals. Three days later, his homeland’s team, however, could not win their last game. Uruguay won 2-0.The win helped avenge Uruguay’s 1939 loss to Peru.

By 1942, Fernández departed for Uruguay to attend the Latin American tournament (between January 10 and February 7), a year where Brazil was awarded the 1942 World Cup, but the event was cancelled. The men’s soccer of Peru placed a disappointing fifth on Uruguayan soil. The national side was represented by 22 players: Juan Quispe, Antonio Zegarra, Diego Agurto, Juan Soriano, Antonio Biffi, Leopoldo Quiñones, Alberto Delgado, Carlos Portal, Lolo Fernández, Enrique Perales, Luis Guzmán, Pablo Pasache, Teobaldo Guzmán, Tulio Obando, Juan Honores, Roberto Morales, Marcial Hurtado, Pedro Magán, Orestes Jordán, Adolfo Magallanes, Máximo Lobatón, and Pedro Luna.

Following an opening draw with Paraguay (1-1) at the XVIII South American Cup on January 18, Peru suffered defeats against Brazil (2-1) and Argentina (3-1).Over that time, the Brazilian side was a strong rival with a bronze medal in the 1938 global event after his international star Leonidas da Silva (known as the “Black Diamond”) led Brazil to its first wins in a World Cup.

On January 28, the Peruvians dispatched Ecuador 2-1 at Montevideo’s Centenario Stadium, which is the nation’s symbol of sport. In the next days, they had drawn 0-0 with Chile after a 3-0 loss to Uruguay in the 65,000-seater Centenario Stadium, one of the most famous of all soccer stadiums around the globe. The Celeste —Spanish for sky blue due to the color of squad’s shirt— was all but unbeatable and it was seven-time winner of the SA Cup (1916, 1917, 1920, 1923, 1924, 1926 & 1935) (Guevara & Chaname, 1998).

Lolo and his fellow sportsmen did not return to the regional championships until 1947. The Andean republic missed the next two international competitions (1945 & 1946).

In 1947, the Peruvian Soccer Federation sent a Lolo Fernández-led team to Guayaquil (Ecuador) to participate in the international meet. He and his fellow countrymen had drawn with Paraguay (2-2) and Ecuador (0-0), but there were two losses to Chile (2-1) and Argentina (3-2).

In front of over 20,000 persons, on December 20, 1947, Fernández played his last match on foreign soil at Guayaquil’s George Capwell when Peru made a tie of 0-0 with the host nation. He was on Peru’s South American Cup roster at the age of 34. Later on, Colombia —gold in men’s football at the 1946 Central American and Caribbean Games— was outclassed by a Peruvian side without its star Lolo (5-1).

In the 8-team tournament, the men’s side ranked fifth, behind Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay,and Chile. The country’s roster included 22 athletes: Guillermo Valdivieso, Rafael Asca, Carlos Torres, Guillermo Barbadillo, Luis Suárez, Félix Castillo, René Rosasco, Juan Castillo, Marín Reyna, Andrés da Silva, Domingo Raffo, Lolo Fernández, Enrique Perales, Carlos Gómez Sánchez, Lorenzo Pacheco, Máximo Mosquera, Alejandro González, Ernesto Morales, Luis Guzmán, Eliseo Morales, Cornelio Heredia, and Valeriano López.

In the wake of participating on Ecuadoran soil, Fernández no longer competed in the continental events.

Six National Championships From 1934 to 1949

Before embarking on a seven-month tour of Europe, Fernández was the most outstanding player in the 1932 National Cup with 11 goals. But that wasn’t enough to win the event. A total of eight clubs sent delegations: Alianza Lima, Sports Tabaco, Ciclista Lima, Sportive Union, Sport Progreso, Tarapacá Ferrocarril, Circolo Sportivo Italiano and Universitario.

Soccer became a national level when the domestic tournament began in the 1920s, making it one of the oldest events in the history of Peruvian sport.

By 1933, Universitario’s amateur side again made the final, but was runner-up and their star was top scorer for the second time in a row. Despite the loss, he had captured the attention of the spectators as no other sportsman when he produced nine goals in the men’s football national league.

After winning experience in European countries, Fernández and his fellow Peruvian athletes moved back to Lima to attend the 1934 domestic league. The youthful Universitario side reached the podium in the country’s top soccer division (Almanaque Mundial, 1977). Alianza Lima was extraordinary beaten by the Limean squad, beginning one of South America’s greatest derbies. AL and Lolo’s club are arch rivals and matches between two clubs are referred to as “El Clásico” (Newton, 2011). During that year, Fernández began to make a name for himself in the history of Peru’s football as he was the tournament’s top scorer.

The 1935 event was an event with five soccer clubs. It produced a surprise winner: Sport Boys. Fernández’s squad placed third.

By 1938, Universitario won the bronze medal. In the next year, the Limean side became one of the first clubs of Peru to appoint a foreign manager: Jack Greenwell of the United Kingdom. Under Geenwel’s guidance, Fernández and his fellow mates earned the national football league title with nine wins, three draws and two losses —improving on their third place finish in the past cup (Almanaque Mundial, 1977). Extraordinary, the Cañete-born athlete was the tournament’s dominant player in 1939 (Witzig, 2006).

In the wake of Fernández’s participation in the South American Cup, Universitario came close to a second successive tournament in 1940.

In 1941, the Lima-based club obtained the Peruvian trophy, after a series of home-and-home soccer matches. The Limean squad showed why it was one of the most powerful clubs on home soil. In the finals, there were wins over Atlético Chalaco (1-0) and Alianza Lima (3-1). The championship had been postponed for a while because of Peru’s participation in the South American Cup.

In the mid-1940s, Universitario came the attention when they won back-to-back national championships (Witzig, 2006). After breaking his own personal record of 15 goals in 1939, Lolo picked up a total of 16 goals in 1945. Curiously, these titles can be attributed to the Fernández family: Arturo, Eduardo and Lolo were members of that team.

Assembling one of the most powerful teams in the history of Peru’s football, Lima’s club earned the trophy in 1946. The key to the Peruvian club was the trio of Victor Espinoza, Eduardo and Lolo Fernández. Under a new system of qualifying matches, the Limean side obtained 11 wins.

Toward the end of his career, Lolo and his club recaptured the trophy: it defeated Atlético Chalaco 4-3 to claim the first place in the Peruvian Championship in 1949 (Almanaque Mundial, 1977). In that year, the club celebrated its 25th anniversary.

A Universitario Icon

In contrast to players from other parts of the world, Fernández was not an international player, being one of the few footballers who had stayed with one club (Universitario) his entire athletic career despite several offers from top clubs (including Racing club of Argentina, Peñarol of Uruguay and Colo Colo of Chile). He refused, citing his strong connections to Universitario. This club is one of the most-supported squads in Peru. Curiously, Lolo remains Universitario’s all-time goalscorer with 157 goals.

Fernández, at the age of 40, retired from the world of soccer in the early 1950s during a series of exhibition matches in a stadium built by the country’s head of state Manuel Odría. On August, 30, 1953, his team had a sensational victory over his traditional rival Alianza Lima (4-2). Here, Lolo scored a hat-trick, among the most notable of his more than 157 goals during his career with the Lima-based club.

Before an audience of some 30,000 spectators, Fernández played only six minutes with Universitario during a game against Centro Iqueño, the darkest day for Peru’s football. His presence was symbolic in a memorable event at Lima’s national stadium. He left the national stadium to a roaring ovation.

After retiring from soccer, he worked mostly with top junior soccer teams from Universitario.

After a battle with Alzheimer, on September 17, 1996, Lolo Fernández died in a Lima hospital at the age of 83. It was a great loss to South America’s sport.

Rivaled only by Teófilo Cubillas, he has been the recipient of numerous honors and awards both within and outside Peru, including a museum. The country’s legendary Olympian was immortalized by Lorenzo Humberto Soto Mayor, who wrote a song entitle “Lolo Fernández”, a tribute to the Peruvian footballer. On October 27, 1952, the country’s ruler Odría conferred him the Sports Laurels, the highest sports award of Peru. In the early 1950s, the Universitario stadium was renamed in his honor (Witzig, 2006). Within Latin America, several sports-oriented magazines and Spanish-language newspapers have devoted many pages to Lolo.

Lolo Fernández died in the mid-1990s, but the legacy of this Olympic carries on. He was so advanced for his time and place. A man that always worked with love for his homeland country of Peru and a personal hero of mine.

Further Reading

(1)- Almanaque Deportivo Mundial 1977, Editorial América, Ciudad de Panamá, 1976 (Spanish)

(2)- Almanaque Deportivo Mundial 1976, Editorial América, Ciudad de Panamá, 1975 (Spanish)

(3)- Almanaque Guayaquil Total 2003, Editarsa, Guayaquil, 2002 (Spanish)

(4)- Campomar, Andreas. ¡Golazo!: A History of Latin American Football, Quercus, 2014

(5)- —————- Golazo!: The Beautiful Game From the Aztecs to the World Cup: The Complete History of How Soccer Shaped Latin America, Penguin, 2014

(6)- Dunmore, Tom. Historical Dictionary of Soccer, Scarecrow Press, 2011

(7)- “Fuimos Heroes”. 170 Años Suplemento Especial, El Comercio, 4 de mayo del 2009 (Spanish)

(8)- Grasso, John. Historical Dictionary of Boxing, Scarecrow Press, 2013

(9)- Guevara Onofre, Alejandro & Chaname Orbe, Raúl. Enciclopedia Mundototal 1999, Editorial San Marcos, 1998 (Spanish)

(10)- Hill, Christopher. Hitler’s Olympics: The Berlin Olympic Games,The History Press, 2011

(11)- Loveman, Brian. For la Patria: Politics and the Armed Forces in Latin America, Rowman & Littlefield, 1999

(12)- Mandell, Richard D. The Nazi Olympics, University of Illinois Press, 1971

(13)- Murray, Bill & Murray, William. The World’s Game. A History of Soccer, University of Illinois Press, 1998

(14)- Newton, Paula. Viva Travel Guides Machu Picchu and Cusco, Viva Publishing Network, 2011

(15)- Parrish, Charles & Nauright, John. Soccer Around the World, ABC-CLIO, 2014

(16)- Risolo, Donn. Soccer Stories: Anecdotes, Oddities, Lore, and Amazing Feats, University of Nebraska, 2010

(17)- Reyna, Claudio & Woitalla, Michael. More Than Goals: The Journey From Backyard Games To World Cup Competition, Human Kinetics, 2004

(18)- Walters, Guy. Berlin Games: How Hitler Stole the Olympic Dream, Hachette UK, 2012

(19)- Witzig, Richard. The Global Art of Soccer, CusiBoy Publishing, 2006

Source by Alejandro Guevara Onofre

Land of Pleasurable Surprises!

FIFA Globe Cup
Did you know- In spite of its tricky background – the country’s sports activities technique is a single of the worst on Earth– Togo, led by the path of Otto Pfister, turned one particular of the 32 squads in the FIFA Globe Cup in 2006, in advance of Norway, Peru, the People’s Republic of China and 120 other nations around the world and dependencies. At the global tournament in Germany, Togo – between the sub-Saharan Africa’s poorest states — was one of the 13 ideal teams of the world’s establishing international locations. From the latter section of the 20th century, soccer is the national activity in the African place. Behind soccer, athletics and boxing are the most well known athletics.

Geography
Did you know- Geographically, the present day republic of Togo is 1 of the smallest countries on Earth. It covers about 21, 900 sq. miles (56,785 square kilometers). Togo is a nation positioned alongside the coastline of the Gulf of Guinea (south of West Africa) and is surrounded by Burkina Faso (once called Upper Volta) to the north, Benin (formerly Dahomey ) to the east, and Ghana (ex Gold Coastline) to the west. In addition, it is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the south, in which there are a lot of lagoons and tropical seashores. A lot of the state is included by hills, mountains and thick forests. On the other hand, there are at least four rivers: the Haho, the Mono (navigable/ the nation’s major river), the Kara and the Oti. Like its neighbors, it has a tropical climate. Mount Agou ( 3,940 ft /1,200 m) is the maximum issue in the region. This French-speaking republic has extra than 7,500 kilometers of present day highways. Ultimately, most of the populace is concentrated on the coast.

Lome
Did you know- Lome, the modern day cash of the African nation, is found on the Togo coastline. In addition to the funds city, other vital towns are: Sokode, Kpalimé, Atakpame, and Bassari.

Local Idols
Did you know- Benjamin Kudjow Thomas Boukpeti, who holds dual Togolese-French citizenship, is viewed as the greatest athlete in the state. Why? He grew to become a national image when, from all odds, won a bronze medal in the k-1 slalom kayak party at the Game titles of the XXIX Olympiad in the People’s Republic of China. Togo’s athlete Boukpeti returned dwelling to a hero’s welcome. Mr Boukpeti was born on August 4, 1981 in Lagny-sur-Mame, France.

Eco-tourism
Did you know- 17 percent of Togo has lush forests. For this rationale, this little state is a paradise for eco-tourism in West Africa. Distinguished wildlife sanctuaries in Togo contain the Keran National Park and the Fazao & Malkasa Nature Reserve, dwelling to a lot of the country’s rich biodiversity. Without having a doubt, the nation’s video game sanctuaries and countrywide parks are unique. The park presents an great spot for crocodiles, monkeys, lions, hyenas, and other wild animals and seabirds. Exotic birds that live in the country include sparrows, drongos and grebes. In the meantime, the Akloa waterfalls are deemed among the miracles of the place.

Diplomatic Relations
Did you know- Togo has maintained excellent ties with Paris for more than four a long time, and share lots of cooperation systems. On the other hand, practically all African international locations have diplomatic relations with Togo.

Anti-apartheid Leader
Did you know- For the duration of Chilly War, this black republic strongly opposed apartheid in South Africa. Because of this, the 1976 Montreal Olympics was boycotted by Togo, alongside with a number of black-dominated nations, this sort of as Zaire (now the DR of the Congo) and Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso).

United Nations
Did you know- At the time of independence in the early 1960s, Togo turned a member of the United Nations.

Economics
Did you know- Cotton is the major export. Other significant exports are espresso and phosphates.

Team Ethnic
Did you know- This French-talking country is a multiracial culture of far more than 30 ethnic teams, all united underneath the countrywide red, eco-friendly and yellow flag. The country is totally free from tribal rivalries since 1960.

Modern Historical past
Did you know- From the latter component of the 20th century, the small country of Togo is the sixth black-ruled republic in the entire world, soon after Haiti (1804), Liberia (1847), Ethiopia ( 1896), Sudan (1956) and Guinea (1958).

Resource by Alejandro Guevara Onofre

Modern-day Greece was formed following the Greek War of Independence (1821 – 1830) but independence didn’t come quick. Political and economic instability turned a component of daily daily life. Forming a countrywide identity was even more challenging. (Verinis, 2005, p. 142 – 150)

The very first present day Olympic Video games were held in Athens in 1896. The Greek people ended up fired up that the video games ended up to be held in their “new” place. Qualifying races for aspiring Greek athletes had been held in advance of the video games such as two qualifying races for the world’s 1st-at any time Marathon.

285 athletes from 12 nations contend

The Greek men and women ended up unhappy that none of their countrymen had gained the field and monitor events. Quite a few of the situations experienced been received by People in america and the Greek people experienced appear to be expecting defeat or second or 3rd put in all the competitions. They didn’t give up, though. They continue to hoped that the Marathon would be gained by a Greek. (Holmes, 1984, p. 62 -67)

The Marathon was held on April 10th. Crowds lined up alongside the route from Athens to Marathon to watch 13 athletes operate about dusty filth roadways.

Albin Lermusiaux of France was the early leader but collapsed right after running 32 kilometers and dropped out of the race.

Australian Edwin Flack took around the guide. A bike owner rode into the arena in Athens to announce to the group that an Australian was in the lead. Rigidity filled the stadium.

But Spiridon Loues of Maroussi, Greece shut in on him.

When Edwin Flack collapsed, Loues took the direct. A second messenger followed the initially and announced to all people in the stadium and to these watching on the surrounding hillsides that twenty-5-12 months-aged Loues was the chief.

The crowd began to shout, “It really is a Greek!” (Verinis, 2005, p.161)

When Loues entered the stadium, Crown Princes Constantine and George fulfilled him at the entrance and accompanied him on his ultimate lap by way of the stadium. Loues concluded in 2:58:50. Rumor experienced it that he was so quick that he was able to end alongside the way for offerings of meals and drink! ( http://www.takethemagicstep.com/coaching/athletes/sports-stories/spiridon-louis-grandson-talks-about-his-grandfather/ )

The group erupted in exhilaration. Last but not least, a Greek experienced won 1st place! White doves were unveiled and Greek spectators embraced every single other, singing the National Anthem of Greece.

Greeks including Greeks from former Greek territories nevertheless occupied by foreign powers have been thrilled when Loues met King George I wearing the kilt the freedom fighters. The king presented Loues any reward he wanted. Loues requested for a carriage drawn by donkeys for his water-shipping enterprise. Businessmen and other non-public citizens of Greece also made available him items. Absolutely free companies and unsolicited presents poured in from close to the environment but Loues refused them all. He only wanted the carriage and donkeys. (Holmes, 1984, p. 76-77)

Right after his Olympic victory, Loues retreated to existence as a non-public citizen and hardly ever all over again participated in athletics.

The victory of just one Olympic athlete lifted the spirits of an total nation. For a “new” nation like Greece in the 1890s, it also assisted to condition that nation’s identification.

Greeks swelled with satisfaction when Spiridon Loues entered the stadium on April 10, 1896. Greece could now commence to consider its place amid the nations of the modern-day globe.

Bibliography

Holmes, Burton. The Olympian Game titles in Athens, 1896: The Very first Modern-day Olympics. New York: Grove Press, Inc. 1984.

http://www.takethemagicstep.com/coaching/athletes/sports-stories/spiridon-louis-grandson-talks-about-his-grandfather/

Verinis, James P. “Spiridon Loues, the Modern-day Foustanela and the Symbolic Electric power of Pallikaria at the 1896 Olympic Online games,” Journal of Modern-day Greek Scientific tests, 23:1 (Might 2005), pp 139 – 175.

Source by Marion A Constantinides

In antiquity, Olympia belonged to Pisa, the mythical port in the land of the Epeians. The initially king of Pisa was Oenomaus, a modern of king Epeius who cave his title to the inhabitants of the bordering location. His descendants ended up Aetolus, Heleios, Augeas and many other Homeric heroes these kinds of as Amphimachos and Agasthenes.

The first signs of human habitation found out at Olympia day back again to the 3rd millennium BC. These remains had been located at the southern foot of the Hill of Cronus and on the Hill of Oenomaus as properly as in the place of ​​the New Museum. The finds consist of apsidal residences (with a single end rounded), created with irregular stones, alongside with quite a few handmade instruments and pots. There are also finds from the late Helladic period as well as a sequence of chambered tombs from the Mycenaean time period. In these periods, worship was dominated by feminine divinities, the oldest of which was Gaia who is linked with the pre-Hellenic figure of the chthonic Aegean mom-goddess. In addition to Gaia, other deities worshiped at Olympia have been Themis, Eilithyia and Cronus.

For the duration of the Mycenaean period, the worship of the goddess of fertility was related to the figures of Hera, Demeter and Hippodamia although, correspondingly, the god of the mysteries of fertility was determined with Zeus, Heracles Idaeus and Pelops. During the Geometric period (11th – 8th hundreds of years BC), the northwest Peloponnese was settled by the Dorians who arrived down from the north under their leader Oxylus, king of Elis. These decades noticed the beginning of the to start with dispute, involving the Pisatans and the new habitants of Elis, above the administration of the sanctuary of Olympia and the management of the Olympic online games. The start out of the Olympic video games is buried deep in the age of fantasy and it is challenging to say when the online games really commenced. In the historical a long time, even so, the games had been reinstated by Iphitus, king of Elis and descendant of Oxylus. A huge variety of bronze and terracotta collectible figurines from this time period replicate the prosperity of the sanctuary of Olympia but also the gradual dominance of the worship of Zeus.

The 8th century BC was the most vital for the additional marketing of the sanctuary of Olympia on a nationwide amount, as very well as for the standard establishment of the constitution of the Olympic games. By then, the games experienced obtained a particular significance and a panhellenic prestige. Conventionally, the very first Olympiad is placed in the yr 776 BC when the official recording of the winners commenced. At this time, Coroebus of Elis won the only activity which fatigued the stadion, a footrace of a person stade (178 – 179 m). From the Olympic winners of the 8th century BC, it can be noticed that the fame of the online games experienced spread via the complete of the Peloponnese.

lphitus of Elis, collectively with Lycurgus of Sparta and Cleisthenes of Pisa, agreed that the video games should really be held every fifth 12 months and recognized the &#39Sacred Truce&#39, an agreement which observed the suspension of hostilities between the states having part in the online games for their duration. The textual content of this treaty, which was believed to be vital for the progress of the video games, was immortalized in writing close to the well known bronze disc of Iphitus, which was held in the temple of Hera up to the time when Pausanias observed it (about Advertisement 160).

Resource by Mavrikou Iffigeneia

When Cassius Clay aka Mohamed Ali handed absent earlier this 12 months, the world shed a wonderful sportsman and a winner for human rights.

Not lots of of the present technology may have read of this terrific athlete who rose from pretty humble beginnings to conquer the planet of Boxing and remained a huge favorite with several of the earlier technology even as a debilitating ailment retained him absent from public watch for quite a few several years.

The sport of Boxing is a mix of combat and martial art where two opponents use tactics to purpose punches at every other to gain the bout. Protecting gloves and headgear is element of contemporary-day boxing, which is a really well-known party in lots of international locations, with level of competition likely up all the way to the Olympic amount.

Like many other overcome sporting activities, Boxing has its origins in hand-to-hand battle that was practiced because historic situations nevertheless, as an organized sport it was most probable played by the historical Greeks to whom we trace the origin of the Olympic game titles of the modern day era. Reliefs from historic civilizations like the Babylonian, Mesopotamian and Sumerian issue to us the evidence of fist-fighting with protective hand handles or gloves. The earliest reference of the sport goes again to 668 BC throughout the historic Olympiads but it has developed repeatedly and our recent understanding of Boxing is linked in a massive way to the 16th century prize fights that were held generally in Good Britain but distribute quickly to other components of Europe and the United States.

In historic Rome as nicely, Boxing was a hugely popular activity. Opponents employed leather thongs wrapped all over their fists for security. In because of class, harder leather and metal studs ended up released providing it a deadly weapon like status referred to as the ‘myrmex’ or limb piercer. Amphitheatres in Rome typically held Boxing gatherings resembling gladiator fights exactly where a struggle until eventually demise was usually the spectacle that most spectators appreciated. This progressed to bouts exactly where skilled combat performers and obtained slaves have been manufactured to struggle each individual other in a circle marked on the floor, the beginning of set policies to mark the activity and bringing up the notion of a ‘Boxing Ring’. Nevertheless, abnormal brutality in later decades created the Romans abolish boxing through the gladiator period all over 393 Advert. From then, it was only all around the 17th century when Boxing reappeared in London at pubs and riverside wharfs wherever ‘throwing down the gauntlet and picking it up’ mostly defined the way Boxing bouts were held.

Source by Aman Tumukur Khanna

Russell Mark is a United states of america Swimming Nationwide Crew Higher Performance Marketing consultant. He is an adviser for the improvement of Team Usa Olympic swimmers, doing the job directly with them and their respective coaches, delivering education and racing responses and techniques for improvement.

For nearly the very last 10 decades, Russell Mark has examined innumerable hrs of movie and talked technique with the best coaches and swimmers in the planet so that he could recognize the intricacies of all the strokes. With this awareness, he has labored right to support the United states National Workforce, presented hundreds of lectures on swimming approach, and contributed to several books and exploration articles.

Even though swimming at the University of Virginia, Mark graduated with a degree in aerospace engineering. He then pursued a occupation in engineering, briefly carrying out get the job done in Pratt & Whitney’s experimental military jet engine courses. This not likely career path has served Mark perfectly in the swimming environment, making use of his awareness in physics, fluid dynamics, and engineering to detect and advise what would make the fastest swimmers.

Q. Looks like this sort of a numerous track record for your present posture, could you elaborate on the synergies between your earlier scientific tests and occupation and your present occupation?

A. Basically, it all came together really properly. My collegiate swimming track record and degree in aerospace engineering ended up the best resources for me to be in a position to continue to be in my daily life passion of swimming on a expert level and deliver genuine worth in assisting Staff Usa Swimming, you could say my dream job. There is additional physics associated in swimming than I imagine people understand and my education and learning delivered a know-how base to appear at film of our athletes in a distinct light-weight. I review mechanics and forces to offer our swimmers their most effective opportunity to conduct at their ideal human stage.

Q. What is your over-all perception of United states Swimming from the 2012 London Olympics?

A. It was a incredible Olympiad in London for Group United states of america, not only did we realize success at our objectives, but experienced a various team of medal winners, younger and previous, and really feel we have a good collection of swimmers for the future.

Q. Training or Race Day, which do you prefer?

A. For me it truly is all about the journey. Analyzing movie, prepping, the instruction and thought course of action that is necessary all accumulates to race day, or the benefits of everyone’s challenging do the job!

Q. Could you describe some of the technologies Workforce Usa Swimming makes use of in education? Which tech gadget, application or system do you think supplies the most critical feed-back in examining your swimmers?

A. Technological innovation is very basic for Team United states swimming, our most helpful gizmos incorporate underwater videotaping with water-proof camcorders, our Ipad for video clip examining and rate clock. We have just lately made program that tracks and shops stroke counts and tempo or frequency to review our athletes. Below is an instance of a Missy Franklin Race Chart working with our Race Stats software from the 2012 London Olympics.

Q. For the amateur swimmer seeking to superior their overall performance, are there any client fitness devices or applications you would propose?

A. If you have the capabilities, I would unquestionably suggest an underwater camera, but I know that is not available for everyone. A tempo clock would be a excellent commence for anyone on the lookout to boost their velocity, endurance and keep track of interval times. There are a couple resources that I will point out in detail afterwards that can be made use of to perform on strategy but are not technological know-how based, like a snorkel and fins.

Q. What’s forward for Usa Swimming and the 2016 Olympics, anyone we should be spending close awareness to?

A. Usa Swimming is really remarkable and fascinating, many situations have transpired at trials when a (publicly) unfamiliar person arrives out of the dark and surprises even the industry. We really feel incredibly self-confident in our youthful swimmers from the London Olympics in the direction of the upcoming and have just one of the finest junior plans in swimming.

Q. Any essential swimming approach tips of Olympic athlete’s you could share with our visitors on the lookout for that additional very little edge or just begun swimming?

A. Head and Body posture is the basis of swimming I would great people approaches in advance of shifting ahead in swimming. Some recommended instruments I would recommend are fins (keeps legs up and boosts power) and a snorkel (head goes down). When the head is lifted up in get to breathe, higher than drinking water the hips and legs shift downward and start off to drag and lower pace. To turn out to be a good swimmer it is really significant to get the job done on your breathing strategy. Use a snorkel often to work on your stroke while not owning to focus on respiratory approach. routines to lengthen the sum of time you can hold your head submerged and overall body doing the job. Every thing in swimming occurs under the water as soon as you commence feeling at ease with these basic tactics you can start out contemplating technical with rate monitoring and movie responses.

Resource by Chris M Roussy

With his modern unpresented seventh victory in the Tour de France, Lance Armstrong is probably the finest bicycle owner at any time.

Born Lance Edward Gunderson on September 18, 1971, in Plano Texas, to Linda Gayle Mooneyham and Eddie Charles Gunderson. Eddie disappeared when Lance was two, and Linda remarried Terry Keith Armstrong, whose final title Lance took. Lance did not get together effectively with his stepfather, getting not seen him in a number of many years, and has also expressed no wish to fulfill his biological father.

Lance was pretty athletic from a really early age, as he started significantly jogging and swimming at age 10. By 13, he had started competitive in grownup amateur triathlons. He grew to become a specialist thriathlete at sixteen, winning the nationwide sprint-training course triathlon championship the upcoming calendar year, and turning into the quantity a person rated triathlete in the nineteen and below age team.

Biking Occupation

Lance quickly selected to emphasis on his beloved, and best, celebration, cycling, and in 1990 he became the US countrywide newbie winner. The following yr, he experienced for the US Olympic cycling group, and finished fourteenth overall at the 1992 Summertime Olympiad in Barcelona.

The following calendar year, Lance turned skilled, signing up for crew Motorola and ending the calendar year rated very first in the entire world. His achievements that calendar year bundled winning the eighth phase of his initial Tour de France, turning into the youngest gentleman to gain the Entire world Highway Race Championship, and the very first gentleman to acquire the “Triple Crown” the Thrift Drug Classic, the Kmart West Virginia Typical, and the CoreStates USPRO Countrywide Championship. His first Tour de France was disappointing, on the other hand that his eighth leg, victory, he shortly fell guiding, and sooner or later dropped out of the race.

Cancer and Restoration

In 1995, Lance gained his initially Tour de Pont victory, a race he experienced earlier competed in 2 times. 1996 started out as another profitable calendar year for him, in which he recurring his victory at the Tour de Pont, this time setting quite a few race records, and the moment all over again competent for the US Olympic staff, regularly recovering from bronchitis.

On October 2, 1996, nonetheless, Armstrong was diagnosed with phase a few nonseminomatous testicular cancer, which, because of to its&#39 late analysis experienced currently spread to his abdomen, lungs, lymph nodes, and later, even his brain. In hopes of preserving his vocation, Lance opted for a additional unsafe chemotherapy treatment method, and underwent surgical procedure to take out just one of his testicles and the tumors on his mind. He was given about a% 50 opportunity to endure. His health practitioner afterwards informed him, having said that, that the real odds had been closer to% 3, and that Lance had been specified the higher odds to support him continue to keep his spirits up. In February 1997, he was declared most cancers free of charge, and recognized the Lance Armstrong Foundation for cancer patients. in 1998 he returned to consider fourth spot at the Earth Highway Race Championship. The very same yr, he married Kristin Richard, who he experienced fulfilled by way of his basis.

Tour de France Victories and Divorce

Competing in the Tour de France for the initially time in quite a few decades, Armstrong claimed his initially victory in the race, winning 4 of the twenty-a single phases. He repeated in 2000, this time defeating two of his significant rivals who experienced been absent from the very last race, Jan Ullrich and Marco Pantani, with Ullrich having second position. In this year he also endured system shock from a car accident, but recovered in time for the 2000 Olympics, in Sydney in which he earned a bronze medal.

In 2001 and 2002, Ullrich again took 2nd area to Armstrong in the Tour de France. He received once more in 2003, but in that year stuffed for divorce with Kristin Armstrong, with her citing the troubles of caring for his cancer and the intensive touring. Lance ongoing his profitable streak, having said that, proclaiming victories in 2004 and 2005, bringing his complete to 7 prior to eventually retiring. He presently keep the record for most victories by any particular person.

Latest

Armstrong is presently devoting his time to his charity basis, though still competing in a variety of cycling and working events. From 2003 to 2006 he dated singer and songwriter Sheryl Crow. Lance now resides in a property in Austin, Texas, where he also owns a ranch.

Born: September 18, 1971

Died: –

Famed For: Renowned bike owner and athlete, founder of the Lance Armstrong Basis.

Important Accomplishments : Report-holding seven-time Tour de France winner, cancer survivor.

Sizeable Quotation: “Being a champion is redefining what&#39s humanly achievable.”

Enjoyable Estimate: “You know when I need to have to die? When I&#39m done residing. When I can not walk, can not eat, can not see, when I&#39m a crotchety previous bastard, mad at the world. Then I can die. ”

Source by Mitch Mueller

“How many natural numbers between 200 and 500 are divisible by 2,3,4,5 and 6?”

This is an interesting question which I have found online when I did a Google search for maths olympiad questions. What I found particularly interesting is that you can approach this question either using ‘guess-and-check’ or an understanding of the properties of numbers. Of course, these are not the only ways to solve this question and our readers may have more approaches to this sum.

In this article, I will demonstrate an approach to this question based on the understanding of the divisibility of the numbers of 2,3,4,5 and 6. I find this approach a very neat way of solving this question and students can solve this question in less than 2 minutes.

But first, what are natural numbers?

What are natural numbers?

According to the Wolfram website, natural numbers refers to a set of positive integers such as 1,2,3… or to a set of non-negative integers 0,1,2,3… or simply put, they are numbers used for counting. There is also a debate of whether to include the number 0 under the category of natural numbers but that is not the topic of this article.

Approach

So how do you approach this question?

You can try and divide the range of numbers amongst 2,3,4,5 and 6 but this approach would be too tedious.

Step 1: Simplify the problem through observation

A simple method might be to observe that the number 2 is a factor of both 4 (2 x2) and 6(3×2). If the numbers can be divided by 2, they can also be divided by 4 and 6,thus we only need to focus on numbers 2,2,3 and 5.

Step 2:Multiply the numbers

Multiplying the numbers, 2x2x3x5 gives us 60. So if any number within the range of 200 to 500 can be divided by 60, then that is the natural number we are looking for.

Step 3: Conclusion

So the natural numbers are 240, 300,360, 420 and 480. A total of 5 natural numbers.

I hope this approach is fast and simple way to quickly find out the number of natural numbers that are divisible by 2,3,4,5 and 6.

Using the above example, try to generalise the approach to similar questions.

Source by Penny Chow